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Asthma is a condition in which narrowed airways due to hyperactivity of certain stimuli, which cause inflammation. Refinement is temporary, which can be triggered by various stimuli, such as pollen, dust, animal dander, smoke, cold air and exercise. Episodic symptoms that arise in the form of recurrent wheezing (breathing sounds ngik-ngik), shortness of breath, chest feels heavy and coughing, especially at night before dawn.

In an asthma attack, smooth muscle spasm of the bronchi and the tissues lining the airways have swollen because of inflammation and the release of mucus into the airways. This will reduce the diameter of the airways (called bronchoconstriction) and this causes narrowing of the patient must exert every effort in order to breathe.
Signs and Symptoms of Asthma

Common symptoms seen in asthma sufferers are complaining shortness of breath due to breathing the air can not flow smoothly in a narrow airway and it is also a cause-ngik ngik breath sounds (wheezing). Narrowing of the airways that occurs can be a contraction and closing of the channel by which dirpoduksi excessive phlegm and cause cough as a response mechanism to remove the phlegm.

In children, the early symptoms of asthma attack can include itching in the chest or neck. Dry cough at night or while exercising can also be the only symptom.

In the case of a severe asthma attack causing the patient can not speak because of the difficulty in regulating respiratory

Causes of Asthma Attacks

Theory or hypothesis about the cause of a person suffering from asthma has not been agreed upon by experts. However, certain cells in the airways (particularly mast cells) is believed responsible for the beginning of the narrowing of the airways. Mast cells throughout the bronchi release substances such as histamine and leukotrienes that cause: – smooth muscle contraction – increased mucus formation – the movement of certain white blood cells into the bronchi. Mast cells release substances such as a response to something they know as foreign matter (allergens), such as pollen, fine dust contained in the house or animal fur.

Asthma attacks can also occur in some people without a specific allergy. The same reaction occurs if the person is doing sports or being in cold weather. Stress or anxiety can also trigger the release of histamine and leukotrienes. Asthma attacks can also be experienced by some women to the days of the menstrual cycle, but it is extremely rare

Other cells (eosnofil) found in the airways of asthma sufferers release other materials (also leukotrienes), which also causes constriction of the airways.

The possibility of suffering from asthma may be higher was associated with the risk factors that support a person suffering from asthma, such as heredity. If a mother or father suffered from asthma, chances are the people with asthma in family members.

Prevention

Asthma attacks can be prevented if the trigger factors are known and can be avoided. Asthma attacks triggered by exercise can be avoided by taking medication before exercise.

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